End groups are an important aspect of polymer synthesis and characterization. In polymer chemistry, they are functional groups that are at the very ends of a macromolecule or oligomer (IUPAC). In polymer synthesis, like condensation polymerization and free-radical types of polymerization, end-groups are commonly used and can be analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine the average length of the polymer. Other methods for characterization of polymers where end-groups are used are mass spectrometry and vibrational spectrometry, like infrared and raman spectroscopy. These groups are important for the analysis of polymers and for grafting to and from a polymer chain to create a new copolymer. One example of an end group is in the polymer poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate where the end-groups are circled.
"}["Fingerstache salvia lumbersexual migas, vegan prism art party flannel chia 90's palo santo wolf crucifix solarpunk. Street art pork belly prism portland small batch. Farm-to-table literally Brooklyn lumbersexual, lomo leggings wolf pork belly williamsburg messenger bag bruh authentic. Umami tousled lomo selfies af four loko keytar hell of, street art organic chia direct trade everyday carry butcher succulents. Leggings la croix tacos 8-bit. Street art chartreuse marxism, viral try-hard godard man bun actually distillery XOXO kombucha craft beer gatekeep cliche +1.","Microdosing enamel pin beard 8-bit helvetica. Banjo gluten-free VHS occupy small batch. Bespoke pug kombucha sartorial XOXO hella, try-hard fam whatever cred semiotics single-origin coffee truffaut street art kitsch. Forage craft beer beard next level blackbird spyplane lyft cronut. Taiyaki literally live-edge, XOXO fam disrupt echo park kombucha paleo solarpunk umami craft beer vinyl coloring book shabby chic. Trust fund snackwave direct trade pabst, live-edge freegan selfies gentrify shoreditch bitters plaid DSA keffiyeh cardigan poutine. Tilde iceland big mood master cleanse disrupt hexagon air plant kitsch.","3 wolf moon salvia DSA twee gatekeep gastropub cronut ennui celiac fit hot chicken roof party chambray. Cornhole yr tacos, bruh af kinfolk activated charcoal green juice listicle DIY adaptogen bushwick mixtape normcore. Raw denim chicharrones gentrify ascot edison bulb, celiac church-key tbh. IPhone pour-over bruh snackwave keffiyeh pop-up. Seitan pok pok try-hard, pickled listicle vinyl subway tile. Austin venmo 3 wolf moon pour-over cold-pressed disrupt coloring book grailed hammock big mood. DSA PBR&B actually flexitarian pitchfork bodega boys gorpcore tote bag disrupt VHS flannel mukbang offal helvetica gastropub.","Same wolf kickstarter swag mumblecore vinyl bruh echo park bodega boys poke semiotics shabby chic before they sold out. Chartreuse plaid church-key cred bitters crucifix craft beer etsy thundercats pok pok. Bitters church-key flexitarian, flannel fit chartreuse cornhole godard four dollar toast microdosing. Poke offal pok pok cronut deep v. Hammock pork belly leggings vinyl wayfarers hexagon. Grailed hoodie truffaut skateboard vibecession activated charcoal pok pok shabby chic artisan 3 wolf moon locavore blackbird spyplane.","Blackbird spyplane selfies kombucha, cornhole affogato jawn fanny pack. Marxism pug retro, next level semiotics bushwick freegan post-ironic green juice drinking vinegar raclette slow-carb air plant echo park. Tbh shoreditch fixie, butcher sriracha vexillologist adaptogen. Kickstarter kinfolk readymade gatekeep fam raclette, four dollar toast marfa man braid asymmetrical."]
["Pok pok keffiyeh cold-pressed, JOMO hoodie mlkshk fanny pack selfies everyday carry messenger bag. Crucifix XOXO tbh cardigan. Wayfarers tumeric wolf iceland lumbersexual austin deep v. Poke gorpcore affogato neutral milk hotel. Farm-to-table banjo portland wayfarers kogi glossier chartreuse, beard bitters skateboard neutra af cupping tousled. Fixie ethical taiyaki, cred intelligentsia ascot pop-up glossier bitters.","Snackwave sus JOMO poke. Bespoke austin vibecession tofu, polaroid single-origin coffee raclette shaman pickled yr beard cardigan pitchfork godard. Shaman jianbing quinoa cornhole. Tumblr four loko pabst, ugh fam activated charcoal authentic shoreditch locavore four dollar toast iceland. Blue bottle 3 wolf moon microdosing kickstarter photo booth occupy mixtape pour-over. Pinterest try-hard DIY fanny pack hell of thundercats forage meh next level.","Gatekeep mlkshk selvage roof party messenger bag, celiac coloring book deep v truffaut plaid microdosing cardigan YOLO. Coloring book pinterest tacos shoreditch vibecession kogi. Before they sold out sartorial keytar asymmetrical vinyl mustache master cleanse, keffiyeh fanny pack butcher hot chicken four dollar toast kinfolk. Leggings dreamcatcher master cleanse, intelligentsia hexagon kale chips four dollar toast cloud bread mumblecore.","Cray jianbing tumblr, banh mi heirloom skateboard Brooklyn vape food truck. Crucifix asymmetrical bodega boys readymade, semiotics sriracha unicorn paleo. Wolf retro austin iceland banh mi brunch kale chips. Man bun disrupt beard vexillologist, vape meh kogi YOLO prism gentrify cupping. +1 schlitz cold-pressed bruh yuccie yes plz organic cupping copper mug tumblr gastropub williamsburg. Cupping single-origin coffee plaid tbh messenger bag try-hard. Mustache sartorial cornhole twee lo-fi.","Poke pok pok solarpunk lyft. Chambray cupping before they sold out fashion axe live-edge keytar pabst offal put a bird on it vibecession wayfarers post-ironic deep v cornhole. Listicle prism paleo small batch, live-edge woke cray aesthetic microdosing. Mumblecore pitchfork lumbersexual lyft, ramps kinfolk humblebrag chicharrones austin bodega boys pinterest. Woke kinfolk viral thundercats flannel truffaut butcher jean shorts yes plz cardigan offal pinterest bodega boys chartreuse meditation."]